超声弹性成像应用于移植肾的研究进展

[摘要] 超聲弹性成像（UE）是一种对组织弹性敏感的成像技术，根据其原理可分为应变式和剪切波式两大类弹性成像。应变式弹性成像利用探头对组织进行一定的压迫使组织形变，并将形变的程度转化为彩色图像，外力不可定的因素使其重复性变差且应变式弹性成像为定性或半定量，而剪切波式弹性成像无需向组织施压，利用声辐射力向组织进行传播并使其形变，进而计算出相应组织的剪切波速度或杨氏模量值，其重复性较好，实现实时可视化双模态显像及定量反应组织硬度。随着超声弹性成像技术在评估移植肾术后状态方面的研究不断深入，目前在移植肾纤维化、肾功能及急慢性排斥反应方面已取得一定的研究成果。随着肾实质纤维化及肾功能的减退，肾组织弹性指标逐渐增大，并有研究发现其在反应移植肾病理状态方面比常规彩色多普勒及肾功指标敏感，但由于肾脏结构复杂，内部结构分布不均，超声弹性成像技术应用于移植肾会受到许多因素的影响，需要更进一步研究使其在移植肾临床诊疗中发挥更大的作用。

[关键词] 超声;弹性成像;移植肾;纤维化;排异反应

[中图分类号] R445.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2019）12（c）-0040-06

Research progress of the application of ultrasound elastography in transplanted kidney

LA Qiong   YANG Jiu

Department of Ultrasound， the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University， Shaanxi Province， Xi′an   710061， China

[Abstract] Ultrasonic elastography （UE） is an imaging technique sensitive to tissue elasticity. According to the principle， UE can be divided into two types of elastic imaging： strain-type and shear-wave. The strain-type elastography uses the probe to compress the tissue to make the tissue deform， and converts the degree of deformation into color image. The non-determinable factors of external force make the repeatability become worse and strain-type elastography is qualitative or semi-quantitative. The shear-wave elastography does not need to apply pressure to the tissue. The acoustic radiation force is used to propagate and deform the tissue， and then the shear wave velocity or young′s modulus of the corresponding tissue is calculated. The repeatability is good， realizing real-time visualization of dual-mode imaging and quantitative reaction of tissue hardness. With the development of ultrasound elastography in evaluating the postoperative status of renal transplantation， some achievements have been made in renal fibrosis， renal function and acute and chronic rejection. With fibrosis of renal parenchyma and renal function impairment， renal tissue elasticity index increased gradually， and studies have found that in transplant renal pathology reaction than conventional color doppler and renal function index sensitive， due to the complex structure of kidney， internal structure distribution. The application of ultrasound elastography to kidney transplantation is affected by many factors， and further research is needed to make it play a greater role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation.

推荐访问： 研究进展 应用于 超声 成像 移植

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