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复杂环境下高速列车动态行为数值仿真和运行安全域分析

时间:2022-03-21 10:17:19  浏览次数:

摘要:简要介绍中国高速铁路网的发展规划.列举全世界高速铁路在过去运营过程中出现的几次重大脱轨事故并分析其原因,将这些导致列车脱轨的因素定义为列车运行的复杂环境状态.综述复杂环境下列车安全运行的研究现状和建模方法.简要讨论几种传统的脱轨评价准则,并改进基于轮轨几何接触状态的脱轨评价准则.提出一种研究复杂环境下高速列车安全运行的方法,并严格定义高速列车的安全运行界限.介绍复杂环境下高速列车及2种轨道结构(有碴轨道和板式轨道)的理论建模方法.建立基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学的复杂环境下列车脱轨模型.利用不同的脱轨评判准则和动力学仿真计算结果,得到复杂环境下高速列车的安全运行界限.为深入阐述脱轨安全域的思想,利用车辆-有碴轨道耦合动力学模型分析轨道鼓胀对高速列车安全运行的影响.用数值算例详细分析直线轨道鼓胀作用下车辆轮对的动力学响应、动态脱轨行为以及运行安全域.

关键词:高速列车;轨道;安全运行; 动态脱轨准则;耦合动力学模型

中图分类号:U270.2;U271.91;TB115 文献标志码:B

Dynamic behaviour numerical simulation and safety boundary

analysis for high speed trains in severe environments

JIN Xuesong, LING Liang, XIAO Xinbiao, ZHU Minhao, ZHOU Zhongrong

(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

Abstract: The development plan of high speed railways in China is briefly introduced. A few serious derailment accidents in the world are listed and the corresponding causes are briefly described and defined as severe environments in which the trains operate. The research status and the modelling methods of trains running in such severe environments are reviewed. Several traditional derailment criteria are briefly discussed and the derailment criterion which is based on wheelrail contact geometry relation is improved, and the safety operation boundaries are strictly defined. The theoretical modelling method of high speed trains and two kinds of railway track structures(ballasted track and slab bed track) in severe environments are introduced. A derailment model is built based on vehicletrack coupling dynamics in severe environments. The safety operation boundaries of high speed trains in severe environments are obtained by using different derailment criteria and dynamics simulation results. The safety operational boundaries for high speed trains passing over bulked track are analyzed by dynamics model for vehicle coupled with ballasted track to fully understand the presented method. The dynamic behaviours of the wheelsets, dynamic derailment behaviours and safety operation boundaries are analyzed under effect of straight bulked tangent track by numerical examples.

Key words: high speed train; railway track; safety operation; dynamic derailment criteria; coupling dynamics model

0引言

1964年10月,日本建成世界上第一条现代化高速铁路——东海新干线,运营速度210~230 km/h.此后,许多国家和地区相继建成铁路并快速扩大路网规模.在21世纪前10年中,高速铁路在中国取得飞速发展.截至2009年底,国内铁路运营里程达86 000 km.[1]其中,运营速度为200~350 km/h的客运专线达3 459.4 km.[1]到2020年,中国时速200 km及以上的高速铁路建设里程将达1.6万~1.8万 km.[2]高速铁路作为人类现在和将来的绿色交通工具,其优点众所周知.但是,随着列车速度的提高,人们对高速列车的运行安全及对其引起的振动噪声控制的要求也越来越高.在高速列车运营历史中,自然灾害及车辆轨道关键零部件失效所导致的复杂环境状态对高速列车的运行安全构成极大威胁,由其造成的严重脱轨事故并不少见.

强横风是威胁高速列车运行安全的自然灾害之一.2007年2月28日,一列由乌鲁木齐开往阿克苏的列车在新疆吐鲁番附近被吹翻,见图1①.据统计,媒体报道过的由横风造成的脱轨事故就超过30起[3-4],而其中大多发生在窄轨距线路上[3].

① .cn/china/200702/28/content_816203.htm.图 1新疆强横风引起列车倾覆脱轨

Fig.1Train overturning and derailment due to strong

crosswind in Xinjiang of China

尽管在常规轨距线路上很少发生由横风导致的脱轨事故,但当列车运行速度超过250 km/h时,高速列车的风致安全就变得极为关键和重要.在横风作用下,车辆轴重、运行速度和牵引力分布是影响高速列车运营安全的3个重要因素.[5]近年来,高速列车的风致安全引起国内外相关学者和铁路机构的极大重视.CARRARINI[5]和BAKER等[6]在对列车风致安全的综述中提到,高速列车的风致稳定性研究大致可分为2类:列车周围的空气流场及作用在车体的气动力的研究;横风作用下车辆-轨道耦合动力响应及运行安全研究.目前,大多数学者的研究偏向于前者,对后者的研究却不多,而且以往对风致列车动态行为的研究大多基于准静态假设条件,分析稳态气动力对车辆行为的影响,未考虑列车进入风场时的瞬态响应.[5,7]

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