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CYP450酶与中药代谢相互作用及酶活性测定的研究进展

时间:2022-04-08 08:22:59  浏览次数:

zoޛ)j馐?t#B`9&评价指标,即以CYP450酶活性的增强和降低来推断中药有效成分及提取物等对酶的诱导或抑制作用。目前,代谢酶活性测定的常用方法是Cocktail探针药物法,其中探针底物的选择是关键。这对研究药物在机体内的吸收、分布、代谢及排泄(ADME)过程有着重大意义。该文就中药、中药有效成分、中药提取物及Cocktail探针底物等与CYP450酶的相互作用进行了综述,以期对将来的相关研究有借鉴和指导意义。

[关键词] 中药;有效成分;CYP450酶;代谢;探针底物

Interaction between CYP450 enzymes and  metabolism of traditional

Chinese medicine as well as enzyme activity assay

LU Tu-lin1,2, SU Lian-lin1, JI De1,2, GU Wei1, MAO Chun-qin1*

(1.College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;

2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China)

[Abstract] Drugs are exogenous compounds for human bodies, and will be metabolized by many enzymes after administration. CYP450 enzyme, as a major metabolic enzyme, is an important phase I drug metabolizing enzyme. In human bodies, about 75% of drug metabolism is conducted by CYP450 enzymes, and CYP450 enzymes is the key factor for drug interactions between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-TCM, TCM-medicine and other drug combination. In order to make clear the interaction between metabolic enzymes and TCM metabolism, we generally chose the enzymatic activity as an evaluation index. That is to say, the enhancement or reduction of CYP450 enzyme activity was used to infer the inducing or inhibitory effect of active ingredients and extracts of traditional Chinese medicine on enzymes. At present, the common method for measuring metabolic enzyme activity is Cocktail probe drugs, and it is the key to select the suitable probe substrates. This is of great significance for study drug′s absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) process in organisms. The study focuses on the interaction between TCMs, active ingredients, herbal extracts, cocktail probe substrates as well as CYP450 enzymes, in order to guide future studies.

[Key words] traditional Chinese medicine; active ingredient; CYP450 enzymes; metabolism; probe substrate

doi:10.4268/cjcmm20151802

细胞色素P450(CYP450)位于胞浆内质网膜上,主要存在于肝脏中,此外,在胃肠道(特别是小肠中)、肺、肾和胎盘也有表达。CYP450酶系在人体肝脏中约重10~20 g,占人体总蛋白含量的1%~2%。CYP450酶根据其基因序列和同源性,主要分为CYP1,CYP2,CYP3这3个大的亚家族。据研究统计,在人体内已有16个基因家族和29个亚家族已被确认,是外源性化合物的主要代谢酶,CYP450是重要的药物Ⅰ相代谢酶(所谓Ⅰ相代谢即药物经过氧化、去甲基化和水解反应作用后,非极性脂溶性化合物变为极性和水溶性较高而活性较低的代谢物),可以催化多种外源性化合物的氧化和还原代谢,人体内约有75%的药物代谢通过CYP450酶进行<sup>[1]</sup>,这对解释药物在机体内的清除过程有着非常重要的意义。CYP3A4是表达量最大的异构体,约占人体肝脏CYP450的30%~40%,有近50%的药物通过它进行代谢。其次是CYP2C(约占18%)和CYP1A2(约占13%)。CYP2D6虽然只占人体代谢酶的1.5%,但却有近30%的药物通过其代谢。目前已明确,CYP450酶对中药中有效成分的代谢作用是中药代谢研究的基础。因此,中药与CYP450酶的相互影响需要进一步深入挖掘和探索,为今后的科研、临床实践提供可靠的理论物质基础。

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