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冷破碎猕猴桃果粉的研制及其品质特性研究

时间:2022-03-26 08:18:37  浏览次数:

摘要[目的]优化猕猴桃果粉配方及干燥加工技术参数。[方法]以冷破碎海沃德猕猴桃果浆为原料,经超高压灭菌后,采用感观评定和冻干方法,从果浆浓度、甜味剂、助干剂3个方面优化,研制出低热低糖的猕猴桃果粉配方;同时比较了真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥2种工艺下猕猴桃果粉的品质特性。[结果]猕猴桃果粉的最佳配方为冷破碎果浆用量80%、甜菊糖苷0.02%、赤藓糖醇2.88%、麦芽糊精30%、可溶性淀粉10%、β-环糊精10%。2种工艺下猕猴桃果粉的组织特性、微观结构、理化和营养特性比较结果显示,冷冻干燥果粉组织疏松,黏聚力较小,其结块度、休止角、堆积密度、溶解时间均显著低于喷雾干燥所得果粉,因而其粉质优于喷雾粉。[结论]该研究可以为猕猴桃果粉的工业化生产提供试验数据和参考。

关键词猕猴桃;果粉;真空冷冻干燥;喷雾干燥;品质特性

中图分类号TS255.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2018)05-0183-06

Abstract[Objective]To optimize the processing technology of kiwi fruit powder and drying parameter formula. [Method]Hayward kiwi fruit pulp which was obtained with cold crush process and sterilized by ultra high pressure was used as raw material, the kiwi fruit powder formula with low calorie and low sugar was obtained through sensory evaluation and freezedrying method after optimization of pulp concentration, sweetener and dry agent. The quality indicators of kiwi fruit powder which obtained by vacuum freeze drying and spray drying were compared. [Result]The results showed that the optimal formula of kiwi fruit powder was pulp concentration 80%, stevioside 0.02%, erythritol 2.88%, maltodextrin 30%, soluble starch 10%, βcyclodextrin 10%. The compared results of texture characteristic, microstructure, physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of kiwi fruit powder in two drying methods indicated that freeze drying powder had large gap, loose tissue, less cohesive force, and its agglomeration degree, bulk density, repose angle and dissolution time were significantly lower than those of spray drying powder. So the fruit powder obtained with vacuum freeze drying is better than that of the spray drying。[Conclusion]This study will provide the experimental data and reference for the industrial production of kiwi fruit powder.

Key wordsKiwi fruit;Fruit powder;Vacuum freezedrying;Spray drying;Quality characteristics

獼猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch)是一种多年生的落叶藤本植物猕猴桃的果实[1],其品质鲜嫩,营养丰富,风味鲜美,因VC含量极高,被誉为“VC之王”。此外,猕猴桃还含有单宁、果胶、果糖、柠檬酸、苹果酸、VA、VE和微量元素锌、锗、钾、钙、硒等,以及多种氨基酸、猕猴桃碱、蛋白水解酶和类胡萝卜素、叶黄素、酚类、黄酮类化合物、叶绿素等抗氧化能力极强的植物营养素[2-3]。猕猴桃不仅可以提高机体免疫力、增进食欲、预防癌症、抗衰老抗氧化,还能调节脂肪细胞分化,降低血液中的胆固醇和甘油二酯[4-5],因此猕猴桃资源的研究和开发利用潜力巨大。

秦岭北麓是我国猕猴桃资源最丰富的地区,也是世界猕猴桃的原生地,民间人工栽培的历史达1 000多年。目前全世界有30多个国家种植猕猴桃,种植面积已超过33.3万hm2,年产量近300万t。作为我国猕猴桃最集中分布区的陕西,猕猴桃种植面积和产量均居全国第1位,2015年全省种植面积突破

6.67万hm2,产量120万t左右,总产量占世界总量的40%,是全球最大的猕猴桃原产地;西安市的6个基地县也形成了我国最重要的猕猴桃种植和产业的聚集带[6-7]。

目前,我国猕猴桃产业正处于快速发展时期,是猕猴桃生产大国但非生产强国,产业发展水平总体不高,尤其缺少高品质的猕猴桃精深加工产品。目前市售的产品有猕猴桃果肉饮料、猕猴桃果脯等,猕猴桃果粉非常少[8];而猕猴桃果粉不仅可以直接冲泡饮用,还可以与其他水果复配或作为食品补充剂,在改善食品色、香、味的同时,可提升食品的营养价值。

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