路行狂飙机车族
时间：2022-05-14 11:25:03 浏览次数：次
Preceded by a growling engine note as they approach,
clad in distinctive decorated motorcycle leathers,
bikers are a widespread subculture anywhere with roads to take them.
Sometimes rowdy and excessive,
they are united by their love of travel on two wheels,
though the biker culture can does have its darker side.
隆隆的引擎声先人而至、身穿花哨机车皮衣的机车族，
是一个分布广泛、有路在就有他们在的亚文化群。
时而嘈杂极端的他们，因其热爱驾驶两轮车旅行而聚到了一起，
不过这种机车族文化可能的确有其更为阴暗的一面。
While many people throughout Europe, North America and elsewhere are motorcycle enthusiasts, the term "biker" - or in Australia, "bikie" - usually refers to a particular kind of motorcyclist. Bikers are often members of a motorcycle club or gang, wearing insignia called "colours" to identify themselves as members. They almost always wear leather and denim - this practical choice of clothing (in case of accidents) has also been taken up as part of rock and heavy metal fashion, styles of music that are both popular with bikers. They do not much like modern style racing bikes, but instead ride heavy cruiser-type bikes. Harley-Davidson motorcycles are particularly popular. The bikes are frequently customised in the "chopper" style to make long distance riding more comfortable, and decorated with accessories, chrome or custom paint jobs. Dedicated bikers may ride thousands of miles each year, so their bikes are treated as prized companions on the road.
Although most people in the West are not bikers themselves, the image of the biker has attained iconic status. Motorcycles, and by extension their riders, are seen as symbolic of freedom and individuality, of travel without being ①tied down.
虽然在欧洲和北美各地以及其它地方，许多人都是摩托车爱好者，但“biker（机车族）”这个词（在澳大利亚被称为“bikie”）常常是指某一类摩托车手。机车族通常是一个摩托车俱乐部或团伙的成员，佩带着被称为“colours”的徽章来辨别其成员身份。他们几乎始终都在穿着皮革和斜纹粗棉布质地的衣服——这种（用以防范意外事故的）实用型着装也已被纳入到摇滚和重金属服饰之列，而那两种音乐都是受到机车族欢迎的类型。他们不太喜欢现代风格的摩托跑车，反而去驾驶笨重的巡航型摩托车。哈雷-戴维森公司的摩托车尤其受欢迎。这些摩托车经常会被按照“前轮伸出且车把高拱”的方式进行改造，以便使长途驾驶变得更为舒适，并且会被点缀以饰物、铬合金或是特制的喷漆图案。铁杆机车族每年可能会驾车行驶数千英里，因而他们的摩托车被当成了路途伴侣，备受珍爱。
虽然西方大部分人本身并不是机车族，但机车族的形象已经获得了一种形象认同。摩托车，并推及至骑乘之人，被视为了自由与个性的象征以及无牵无挂进行旅行的象征。
The Bad Element
However, in the public consciousness, bikers are often associated only with members of "outlaw gangs". These bikers have ②dropped out of society, instead dedicating their lives to their club, and enjoy getting into trouble, including violence and involvement in serious crime, such as drug running and sometimes even murder.
After an incident in the California town of Hollister in 1947, the president of the American Motorcyclist Association made a statement that only one percent of bikers ever caused anyone any trouble. As a result some bikers embraced this idea and began referring to themselves as "one percenters".
负面影响
然而，在公众意识当中，机车族通常只是会被与“非法团伙”成员论为一谈。这些机车族已经遁出了社会，转而将其一生奉献给他们的俱乐部，并喜欢招惹事端，其中就包括暴力活动和参与恶性犯罪，如贩卖毒品以及有时程度更甚的谋杀。
在加利福尼亚州豪利斯特镇于1947年发生了一次事件之后，“美国摩托车手协会”的主席发表了一份声明，称只有1%的机车族曾经给他人制造过事端。因此，有些机车族就接纳了这一说法，开始将他们自己称为“百里挑一者”。
Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
Every year the small town of Sturgis in South Dakota is swamped by bikers from all over the U.S. and beyond. The town itself has a population of only 6,442, yet the rally routinely attracts crowds of over 500,000. The first Sturgis Motorcycle Rally was held on the 14th of August 1938.
斯德基斯摩托车拉力赛
每年，南达科塔州的小镇——斯德基斯都会被来自全美及海外的机车族们挤得水泄不通。这个镇子本身的人口只有6442 人，然而按照惯例这一拉力赛会引来超过50万的人群。首届“斯德基斯摩托车拉力赛”是于1938年8月14日举行的。
Hells Angels and Others
The most famous biker gang in the world are the Hells Angels. They were formed in 1948 in California, taking the name of the movie Hell"s Angels directed by Howard Hughes.
The FBI estimates the Hells Angels take in $1 billion a year worldwide from drug trafficking, prostitution, and money laundering, though Hells Angels dispute this, saying it"s individuals, and not the club. In rural areas of the United States (especially the U.S. South and Southwest), the Hells Angels have been heavily involved with the methamphetamine business.
The HAMC (Hells Angels Motorcycle Club) still professes to be "just" a motorcycle club, despite the fact that since 1994 biker wars in the Canadian province of Quebec alone have resulted in more than 100 deaths (including a young bystander killed by an exploding car bomb), 84 bombings, 130 reported cases of arson, and 9 missing persons. In many countries, the Hells Angels are officially considered a criminal organization, and being a member is thus a criminal offence. The gang is estimated to have 2,000 members between 189 chapters, in 22 countries around the world.
The Hells Angels are one of the "big four" biker gangs - the others are the Bandidos, the Outlaws and the Pagans, and other smaller gangs also exist. There are varying alliances and rivalries at work amongst them. While the Outlaws are allied with the Bandidos, a Southwestern motorcycle club, they have rivalries with several other clubs. Their dislike of Hells Angels in particular is expressed in their slogans "AHAMD", or "All Hell"s Angels Must Die", and "ADIOS," or "Angels Die in Outlaws States". The Bandidos are known in Australia for their involvement in the 1984 "Milperra Bikie Massacre", a fight between the Bandidos and another gang in which seven people were killed, including a 15 year old girl.
机车族的派系
世界上最著名的机车族团伙是“地狱天使”。他们于1948年在加利福尼亚州成立，得名于霍华德·休斯导演的电影《地狱天使》。
（美国）联邦调查局估计，“地狱天使”每年会在全球范围内从毒品交易、卖淫和洗钱活动中赚取10亿美元，不过“地狱天使”对此提出了反驳，称那是个人行为而非俱乐部行为。在美国农村地区（尤其是美国南部和西南部），“地狱天使”大肆参与脱氧麻黄碱（注：一种毒品）交易。
虽然“地狱天使摩托车俱乐部”（简称HAMC）依旧自称“只”是一个摩托车俱乐部，但事实却是，自1994年起，单单是加拿大魁北克省发生的机车族争斗就已造成了100多人死亡（包括一名被汽车炸弹炸死的年轻旁观者）、84起爆炸事件、130起有接警报告的纵火案和9人失踪。在许多国家，“地狱天使”被官方看作是一个犯罪组织，因而入伙就是一种违法行径。这一团伙估计在全世界22个国家的189个分部中拥有2000名成员。
“地狱天使”是“四大”机车族团伙之一——另外几个是“匪帮”、“逍遥法外者”和“异教徒”，并且还有其它一些规模较小的团伙。他们之间存在着各种结盟和敌对关系。在“逍遥法外者”与西南部的摩托车俱乐部“匪帮”结盟的同时，他们还与其它几家俱乐部存在着敌对关系。他们对“地狱天使”极其厌恶，在其标语之中就有所体现：“所有地狱天使都要去死”（简称“AHAMD”）以及“天使亡于逍遥法外者的地盘”（简称“ADIOS”）。“匪帮”在澳大利亚是出了名的，因为他们参与了1984年的“米尔培拉机车族残杀事件”——一场发生在“匪帮”和另一团伙之间的打斗，有7人死于其中，包括一个15岁大的女孩。
Hells Angels and Others
The most famous biker gang in the world are the Hells Angels. They were formed in 1948 in California, taking the name of the movie Hell"s Angels directed by Howard Hughes.
The FBI estimates the Hells Angels take in $1 billion a year worldwide from drug trafficking, prostitution, and money laundering, though Hells Angels dispute this, saying it"s individuals, and not the club. In rural areas of the United States (especially the U.S. South and Southwest), the Hells Angels have been heavily involved with the methamphetamine business.
The HAMC (Hells Angels Motorcycle Club) still professes to be "just" a motorcycle club, despite the fact that since 1994 biker wars in the Canadian province of Quebec alone have resulted in more than 100 deaths (including a young bystander killed by an exploding car bomb), 84 bombings, 130 reported cases of arson, and 9 missing persons. In many countries, the Hells Angels are officially considered a criminal organization, and being a member is thus a criminal offence. The gang is estimated to have 2,000 members between 189 chapters, in 22 countries around the world.
The Hells Angels are one of the "big four" biker gangs - the others are the Bandidos, the Outlaws and the Pagans, and other smaller gangs also exist. There are varying alliances and rivalries at work amongst them. While the Outlaws are allied with the Bandidos, a Southwestern motorcycle club, they have rivalries with several other clubs. Their dislike of Hells Angels in particular is expressed in their slogans "AHAMD", or "All Hell"s Angels Must Die", and "ADIOS," or "Angels Die in Outlaws States". The Bandidos are known in Australia for their involvement in the 1984 "Milperra Bikie Massacre", a fight between the Bandidos and another gang in which seven people were killed, including a 15 year old girl.
机车族的派系
世界上最著名的机车族团伙是“地狱天使”。他们于1948年在加利福尼亚州成立，得名于霍华德·休斯导演的电影《地狱天使》。
（美国）联邦调查局估计，“地狱天使”每年会在全球范围内从毒品交易、卖淫和洗钱活动中赚取10亿美元，不过“地狱天使”对此提出了反驳，称那是个人行为而非俱乐部行为。在美国农村地区（尤其是美国南部和西南部），“地狱天使”大肆参与脱氧麻黄碱（注：一种毒品）交易。
虽然“地狱天使摩托车俱乐部”（简称HAMC）依旧自称“只”是一个摩托车俱乐部，但事实却是，自1994年起，单单是加拿大魁北克省发生的机车族争斗就已造成了100多人死亡（包括一名被汽车炸弹炸死的年轻旁观者）、84起爆炸事件、130起有接警报告的纵火案和9人失踪。在许多国家，“地狱天使”被官方看作是一个犯罪组织，因而入伙就是一种违法行径。这一团伙估计在全世界22个国家的189个分部中拥有2000名成员。
“地狱天使”是“四大”机车族团伙之一——另外几个是“匪帮”、“逍遥法外者”和“异教徒”，并且还有其它一些规模较小的团伙。他们之间存在着各种结盟和敌对关系。在“逍遥法外者”与西南部的摩托车俱乐部“匪帮”结盟的同时，他们还与其它几家俱乐部存在着敌对关系。他们对“地狱天使”极其厌恶，在其标语之中就有所体现：“所有地狱天使都要去死”（简称“AHAMD”）以及“天使亡于逍遥法外者的地盘”（简称“ADIOS”）。“匪帮”在澳大利亚是出了名的，因为他们参与了1984年的“米尔培拉机车族残杀事件”——一场发生在“匪帮”和另一团伙之间的打斗，有7人死于其中，包括一个15岁大的女孩。
Movies
Bikers and biker culture often appear in Hollywood and other movies. All too often they are used basically as cartoony bad guys, there just as random thugs to menace or ③beat up the hero. However, they are also often presented as good guys, or as a symbol of freedom and adventure.
The Wild One (1953) pretty much invented the standard cliche of the movie biker gang. Starring a young Marlon Brando, the film was an important milestone in the development of youth culture after the Second World War.
Easy Rider (1969) expressed the disillusionment of Vietnam-era America and revitalised American independent film in the process. The movie tells the story of two drop-outs who travel across the country on customised motorbikes, encountering a variety of people on the way, never sure what they are really looking for. As the slogan on the poster put it, "They went looking for America, and couldn"t find it anywhere".
Mad Max and Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior have the bikers as bad guys, in a post-apocalyptic Australia where civilisation has broken down. They may have been the hero"s enemies in the movies, but these bikers were still pretty cool.
机车族与电影
机车族和机车族文化经常会出现在好莱坞和其它地区的电影里。通常情况下，他们主要是被用作卡通式的坏人形象，仅仅充当那些对主人公进行威胁或痛打的可有可无的暴徒。然而，他们通常也会被打造成好人或是作为一种自由和冒险的象征。
《飞车党》（1953）在很大程度上奠定了机车族团伙在电影中形象的标准套路。以年轻的马龙·白兰度为主演的这部电影，是第二次世界大战之后青年文化发展中的一座重要里程碑。
《逍遥骑士》（1969）展现了越战时期美国出现的觉醒意识，并在这一过程中复兴了美国的独立制片电影。这部电影讲述了两个避世者的故事，他们驾驶着特制的摩托车周游全美，在路上遇到了各色人等，而且从来就没有搞清楚他们到底是在追寻什么。有如海报上的标语所言：“他们踏上了寻找美国之路，而哪里都不见它的踪影”。
《冲锋飞车队》和《冲锋飞车队2：开路先锋》将机车族设定成了坏人，背景是世界末日过后、文明已然破落的澳大利亚。虽然他们在这些电影当中可能一直都是主人公的对头，但这些机车族还是蛮酷的。
growl /Graul/ v.发出隆隆声；发出吼声
clad /kl2d/ adj.穿着的；被覆盖的
subculture /`s7b7k7ltH9/ n.亚文化群；地下文化
rowdy /`raudi/ adj.吵闹的；粗暴的
insignia /in`signi9/ n.徽章；勋章
denim /`denim/ n.粗斜纹棉布
customise /k7st9maiz/ v.定制；特制
chrome /kr9um/ n.铬；铬合金
embrace /im`breis/ vt.采用；接受
swamp /sw4mp/ v.淹没
drug trafficking /dr7g `tr2fikiM/ 毒品交易
money laundering /`m7ni `lC5nd9riM/ 洗钱
methamphetamine /,meF2`fet9min/ n.脱氧麻黄碱
bystander /`baist2nd9(r)/ n.旁观者
explode /iks`pl9ud/ vt.使爆炸
arson /`3sn/ n.纵火罪；纵火
alliance /9`lai9ns/ n.联盟；联合
rivalry /`raiv9lri/ n.敌对状态；敌对
ally /9`lai/ vt.联合；结盟
thug /F7G/ n.暴徒；凶手
menace /`men9s/ v.威胁；恐吓
cliche /kl1`Hei/ n.陈词滥调；铅版
milestone /`mailst9un/ n.里程碑
disillusionment /,disi`l(E9nm9nt/ n.觉醒
drop-out /`dr4p,aut/ n.逃避现实社会的人
apocalyptic /9p4k9`liptik/ adj.世界末日的
① tie down拴住；束缚
② drop out 退出；离去
③ beat up 痛打
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